Initiating Inquiry-Based Teaching (IBT) in Classroom at Middle level School in Karachi

Authors

  • Javed Iqbal University of Tennessee Knoxville.
  • Tariq Hussain PhD Scholar, Teacher at GB Education Department, AIOU Islamabad.

Keywords:

Inquiry-Based Teaching, Middle School, Karachi, Classroom Engagement, Student-Centered Learning

Abstract

The ultimate aim of teaching of science is to foster scientific and critical thinking among students that they could be able to understand the process of science and they can solve scientific problems. Such kinds of disposition are fostered in students when they are taught employing students centered teaching methodologies. IBT is one of them which developed the above-mentioned dispositions in students. However, the IBT is not reflected in our classroom practices. This study is conducted to explore the feasibility of IBT in science class of a government school in Karachi Pakistan. Findings of this study reveals that during intervention inquiry was initiated from cookbook approach and at the end of nine lessons students were able to reach somewhere between structured and guided inquiry. Findings of this study suggest that in order to improve culture of inquiry in the classroom, students’ questioning skills needed to be improved.

References

Ahmad, M., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2024). Comparison Between Virtual Reality and Integrating Blended Learning Flipped Classroom Model: An Experiment on Secondary School Students. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5(1), 1-11.

Ahmad, M., Hussain, S., Mehmood, M. A., & Qahar, A. (2023). Learning Outcomes by Integrating Virtual Reality: An Experiment on Secondary School Students. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 473-484.

Ali, T. (1998). Use of Inquiry in science classroom: Teaching in Pakistani middle school. Unpublished master’s dissertation, The Aga Khan University, Karachi. Institute for Educational Development.

Altaf, S. H. M. A. S., & Ahmad, M. F. (2023). Quality Education Sustainable Development (SDG-4) 2025: A Comparative Study of Government and Punjab Education Foundation Secondary Schools. Pakistan Journal of Education, 40(2).

Alvarado, A. E. & Herr, P.R. (2003). Inquiry based learning: Using everyday objects. Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.

Anderson, C.W. (2000). Transform Teaching in Math and Science. London: Teachers College Press.

Ash, D & Kluger- Bell, B. (2000). Inquiry thoughts views and strategies for K-5 classroom. New York: MacGraw Hill.

Bera. (2004). Revised Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research. British Educational Research Association.

Blatchford, P., Goldstein, H., Martin, C., & Browne, W. (2002). A Study of Class Size Effects in English School Reception Year Classes, British Educational Research Journal, 28, (2).

Cuevas, P., Lee, O., Hart, J., & Deaktor, R. (2005). Improving Science Inquiry with Elementary Students of Diverse Backgrounds. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42, 3, 337-357.

Dehraj, M. A., & Hussain, S. (2024). Integration Of Artificial Intelligence (AI) To Revolutionize The Learning Opportunities: A. Migration Letters, 21(S14), 283-289.

Dowell, J.C., Short, J.B., & Landes, M.N. (2002). Curriculum reforms, Professional Development and Powerful Learning. In R.W. Bybee (Ed). Learning science and science of learning. (pp.121-136). Arlington, VA: NSTA Press.

Dyasi, H. (2000). Inquiry thoughts views and strategies for K-5 classroom. New York: MacGraw Hill.

Fast, J., & Harbor, J. (2007). Teaching and learning about inquiry: Insights and challenges in Professinal Developmen. Journal of science Teacher Education, 18, 63-89.

Gress-Newsome, J. (2002). The use and impact of explicit instructions about the nature of science inquiry in an elementary science method course. Science and Education, 11, 55-67.

Gutek, G. L. (2007). George S Count and social issues. In S. Totten. & J. Pedersen. (Eds.) (2007). Addressing social issues in the classroom and beyond (pp. 31-49). Chicago: Information Age Publication.

Halai, N. (2002). Science teacher education: A wonderful journey around the world. Canadian Journal of Science. Mathematics and Technology Education. 2(4).

Hartland, C. (2006). Inquiry- based learning: Why? Where? How? Reflecting Education, 2(1), 5-18.

Hofstein, A., Shore, R, &, Kipnis, M. (2004). Providing high school Chemistry students with opportunity to develop learning skills in an inquiry type laboratory: A scase study, International Journal of Science Education, 26(1), p. 47-62

Hoxby, C.M. (2000). The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1-47.

Hussain, S. (2024). The Multifaceted Impact of Academic Pressure on the Mental Health and Well-being of University Students in Pakistan: Exploring the Interplay of Systemic Factors, Individual Vulnerabilities, and Coping Mechanisms. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 5(2), 8-14.

Hussain, S., Fakhar-Ul-Zaman, D. B. K., Kanwal, M., Hussain, T., Nawaz, I., & Thaheem, M. I. (2024). TPACK and ICT, the new hope for Pakistan's education system: analysis of the perception of prospective teachers. Remittances Review, 9(2), 743-754.

Jan, A. A. (2003) Developing students’ understanding about nature of science through specially designed hand-on activities. Unpublished Master’s thesis of the Aga Khan University, Institute for educational Development. Karachi, Pakistan.

Jone, M.T& Eick, C.J. (2007). Providing Bottom-Up Approach to the Middle School Science Teachers Reform Effort in Using Inquiry-Based Kits. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18:913-934

Jones, M.T. (2007). Providing Bottom-Up Approach to Middle School Science Teachers’ Reform Effort in Using Inquiry-Based Kits. Journal of Teacher Education 18: 913-934.

Kai Wu, H & En Hsieh, C (2006) Developing Sixth Graders’ Inquiry Skills to Construct Explanations in Inquiry-based Learning Environments. International Journal of Science Education. 28(11) 15, pp. 1289–1313

Kember, D. (2000). Action learning and action research. London: Kogan Page.

Kemmis, S., McTaggart, K., & Retallikck, J. (2004). The Action Research Planner (2nd Ed. Revised). Karachi: Aga Khan University-Institute for Educational Development.

Melear, C.T., laxon, G.D., Warne, T.R, & Hickok, L.G. (2000). Teaching pre service teachers how to do science: Response to research experience, Journal of science teacher education, 11, 77-90.

Ministry of Education Curriculum Wing. (2006). National Curriculum science for class VI-VIII. Islamabad: Government of Pakistan.

Morrison, J.A. (2008). Individual Inquiry Investigation in an Elementary Science Method Course, Journal of Science Teacher Education 19,117-134.

Muhammad, S., Nadeem, M., Hussain, S., & Qahar, A. (2023). Comparison of the Impact of Oral and Written Feedback on the Students’ Academic Achievement. International Research Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 375-385.

Nasim, S. (2003). Improving classroom practices through curriculum enrichment. Unpublished dissertation in Master of Education. Aga khan University- Institute of Professional Development Karachi, Pakistan

National Research Council (2000). National Science Education Standards (Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Newby, D.E. & Higgs, P. L. (2005). Using Inquiry to teach social studies. The Chatter Schools Resource Journal, 1 (1), 20-31.

Panah, K. (2000). Teaching and learning school science through the medium of English in Pakistan. Unpublished Master’s thesis of the Aga Khan University, Institute for Educational Development. Karachi, Pakistan

Rankin, L. (2000). Inquiry thoughts and strategies for K-5 classroom. New York: MacGraw Hill.

Simson, S. (2000). Scientific attitude toward science. In M, Monk &J, Osborne (Eds.), Good Practices in Science teaching What research has to say (pp.100-109). Buckingham: Open University Press.

Sindhu, S., Khan, R. M. A., & Hussain, S. (2023). Enhancing English Learning through Technology: Assessing the Role of Technological Tools in Advancing Outcomes-Based Education within the English Access Micro Scholarship Program. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 4(4), 29-44.

Siraj, S (2002). Inquiry in science classrooms. Unpublished master thesis, The Aga Khan University Institute for Educational Development, Karachi.

Social Development in Pakistan-Annual Review 2002-03. The state of Education by Social Policy Development centre(SPDC)

Taitelbaum, D., Naaman, R. M., Carmeli, M., & Hofstein, A. (2008). Evidence for Teachers’ Change While Participating in a Continuous Professional Development Programme and Implementing the Inquiry Approach in the Chemistry. International Journal of Science Education. 30, 593-617.

There, H.D & Daviss, B. (2001). Developing Inquiry-Based Science Materials: A Guide for Educators. New York: Teacher College Press.

Trowbridge, W., Bybee, R., & Powell, C.J. (2000). Teaching Secondary School Science Strategies for Developing Scienctific Literacy. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Venvill, G., & Vaille, D. (2000). The Art Book of Teaching Science: The Nature of Science and Scientific literacy. Australia: Allen & Unwin Press.

Ward, H., Roden., J., Hewlett, C., &, Foreman, J. (2005). Teaching Science in the primary classroom: A Practical Guide. UK Open University Press.

Wazir, N. (2004). Research Ethics: Significance and Obligation to the Practice of Research. Journal of Ethical Research. 7(1, 2).

Wee, B., Shepardson, D., Fast, J., Harbor. J (2007) Teaching and Learning about Inquiry: Insight and Challenges in Professional Development, Journal of Science Teacher Education, 18:63-86

Wenning, C.J. (2005). Levels of inquiry: Hierarchies of pedagogical practices and inquiry processes. Journal of Phys Educ Online, 2(3)

Windschitle, M. (2002). Inquiry Projects in Science Teacher Evaluation: What Can Investigative Experiences Reveal About Teacher Thinking and Eventual Classroom Practice? Science teacher Education, 87(1), 112-143.

Zafar, A., Mannan, T., & Hussain, S. (2024). Knowledge, Attitude and Behavioral Components of Environmental Literacy: Perceptions of Prospective Teachers for Quality Education in Lahore. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 11(1), 95-118.

Zion, Cohen & Amir (2007). The Spectrum of Dynamic Inquiry Teaching Practices. Research in Science Education, 37:423-443.

Downloads

Published

2025-03-31

How to Cite

Iqbal, J. ., & Hussain, T. . (2025). Initiating Inquiry-Based Teaching (IBT) in Classroom at Middle level School in Karachi. International Research Journal of Education and Innovation, 6(1), 39–48. Retrieved from https://www.irjei.com/index.php/irjei/article/view/248